European Grey Wolf
Grey Wolves occur in Canada, Alaska and northern United States, Europe and Asia north of 12ºN latitude. The numbers are currently stable. In Europe, two subspecies are recognized – European (C. l. lupus) and Iberian (C. l. italicus, distributed in Italy, France and Switzerland). The major threats worldwide include competition with humans for livestock, prosecution due to the public concern, and habitat fragmentation.
Conservation
■ The species is managed under the EEP (EAZA Ex-situ Programme).
■ Grey Wolf is listed in Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, or Washington Convention).
■ Grey Wolf is listed in Appendix II of Bern Convention, as a strictly protected fauna species in Europe.
■ Grey Wolf is listed in Annexes II and IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive.
■ An especially protected species with restricted use in Latvia (the Cabinet of Ministers’ Regulations No. 396 on November 14, 2000).
Taxonomy
■ Phylum Chordata – chordates
■ Class Mammalia – mammals
■ Order Carnivora – carnivores
■ Family Canidae – canids
■ Species Canis lupus – Grey Wolf
■ Subspecies Canis lupus lupus – European Grey Wolf
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